101 Simple Appetizers in 20 Minutes or Less

YOU want good food at a holiday cocktail party and you want to impress people? You don’t want a caterer, you refuse to heat up frozen food, and you want to show that your expertise extends beyond buying perfectly ripe hunks of cheese and juicy olives? Then think about doing some cooking।

Here is a collection of party foods that are as easy to eat as they are to make. Each can be produced in 20 minutes or less. Many can be served at room temperature. And none require a plate. (Few people can juggle plate, wineglass and fork successfully, let alone gracefully.)
Most of these recipes are beyond minimalist: they never do in two steps what can be done in one, and they need no embellishment. As you scan these recipes for ideas, mostly think this: The ones you find most appealing are the ones your guests will like. Choose a few, spend an hour or two in the kitchen, and you’ll be in great shape.
On Bread or Crackers

1 Red peppers and anchovies: Drizzle piquillos or other roasted red peppers with olive oil, and top with a good anchovy fillet. A caper or two on each is not amiss.
2 Top rye flatbread with thin slices of crisp apple and pickled plain or schmaltz herring (not herring in cream sauce).
3 Sear skirt steak to medium-rare, not more than 8 minutes. Cut into chunks 1/2-inch to 1 inch, first with the grain, then against it. Spread bread with coarse mustard and/or butter. Top with steak and coarse salt.
4 Toss high-quality crab meat with minced shallots, a little tarragon or a lot of parsley and/or basil, and enough mayonnaise to bind. Also good on lettuce leaves.
5 Mash together best-quality tuna, minced anchovies, minced garlic, chopped oil-cured olives and olive oil as necessary.
6 New York comfort food: Spread cream cheese or crème fraîche on small bagels or bagel chips; black bread is also terrific. Top with sturgeon, sable or lox.
7 Slice soft goat cheese and brush with olive oil. Sprinkle with salt, pepper and chopped herbs, then with bread crumbs. Bake at 350 degrees until soft, about 10 minutes, and serve hot.
8 Might not be the new ketchup, but great stuff: purée skinned roasted peppers or piquillos with some of their liquid, salt and olive oil. Serve alone or with other foods — a piece of cheese, even.
Click here for slide show9 Top buttered bread with shaved country ham, prosciutto or regular deli ham and bread-and-pickles।

10 Chop shrimp fine, then sauté in a minimum of oil, or poach quickly and drain. Mix premade pesto with mayonnaise so that it is gluey. Combine cooled shrimp with sufficient pesto to bind; chill.
11 Tapenade: Combine about 1 pound pitted black olives in food processor with 1/4 cup drained capers, at least 5 anchovies, 2 garlic cloves, black pepper and olive oil as necessary to make a coarse paste. Can also be a dip. Use sparingly; it’s strong.
12 A kind of Moroccan tapenade: As above, but use good green olives with capers; olive-oil-canned tuna (instead of anchovies); garlic, if desired; and cumin.
13 Chop fresh mushrooms. Cook slowly in olive oil with salt and pepper until very soft. Stir in minced garlic and parsley. Cook a few more minutes until garlic mellows. (Especially good if you add reconstituted dried porcini.)
14 Mix together a bit of flour and good paprika. Cut Manchego or similar sheep’s milk cheese into 1/2-inch-thick slices. Dip in flour, then beaten egg, then bread crumbs, and fry quickly to brown on both sides. Drain on paper towels and serve hot.
15 Beef tartare: Carefully pulse good beef in food processor. For each pound, add an egg, a teaspoon dry mustard, a tablespoon Dijon mustard, a tablespoon Worcestershire, Tabasco to taste, 1/2 cup chopped scallions and a touch of minced garlic. Salt and pepper, if necessary. Amazing stuff.
16 Put a thick film of olive oil in a skillet over low heat with lots of thin-sliced garlic। When it sizzles, add shrimp along with pimentón. Raise the heat just enough to get the shrimp going, and cook until it’s pink. Stir in parsley. Spoon a little of the oil onto pieces of bread and top with shrimp.

Tracing Business Acumen to Dyslexia

It has long been known that dyslexics are drawn to running their own businesses, where they can get around their weaknesses in reading and writing and play on their strengths. But a new study of entrepreneurs in the United States suggests that dyslexia is much more common among small-business owners than even the experts had thought.

The report, compiled by Julie Logan, a professor of entrepreneurship at the Cass Business School in London, found that more than a third of the entrepreneurs she had surveyed — 35 percent — identified themselves as dyslexic. The study also concluded that dyslexics were more likely than nondyslexics to delegate authority, to excel in oral communication and problem solving and were twice as likely to own two or more businesses.

“We found that dyslexics who succeed had overcome an awful lot in their lives by developing compensatory skills,” Professor Logan said in an interview. “If you tell your friends and acquaintances that you plan to start a business, you’ll hear over and over, ‘It won’t work. It can’t be done.’ But dyslexics are extraordinarily creative about maneuvering their way around problems.”

The study was based on a survey of 139 business owners in a wide range of fields across the United States. Professor Logan called the number who said they were dyslexic “staggering,” and said it was significantly higher than the 20 percent of British entrepreneurs who said they were dyslexic in a poll she conducted in 2001.

She attributed the greater share in the United States to earlier and more effective intervention by American schools to help dyslexic students deal with their learning problems. Approximately 10 percent of Americans are believed to have dyslexia, experts say.

One reason that dyslexics are drawn to entrepreneurship, Professor Logan said, is that strategies they have used since childhood to offset their weaknesses in written communication and organizational ability — identifying trustworthy people and handing over major responsibilities to them — can be applied to businesses.

“The willingness to delegate authority gives them a significant advantage over nondyslexic entrepreneurs, who tend to view their business as their baby and like to be in total control,” she said.

William J. Dennis Jr., senior research fellow at the Research Foundation of the National Federation of Independent Business, a trade group in Washington, said the study’s results “fit into the pattern of what we know about small-business owners.”

“Entrepreneurs are hands-on people who push a minimum of paper, do lots of stuff orally instead of reading and writing, and delegate authority, all of which suggests a high verbal facility,” Mr. Dennis said. “Compare that with corporate managers who read, read, read.”

Indeed, according to Professor Logan, only 1 percent of corporate managers in the United States have dyslexia.

Much has been written about the link between dyslexia and entrepreneurial success. Fortune Magazine, for example, ran a cover story five years ago about dyslexic business leaders, including Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Atlantic Airways; Charles R. Schwab, founder of the discount brokerage firm that bears his name; John T. Chambers, chief executive of Cisco; and Paul Orfalea, founder of the Kinko’s copy chain.

Similarly, Rosalie P. Fink, a professor at Lesley College in Cambridge, Mass., wrote a paper in 1998 on 60 highly accomplished people with dyslexia.

But Professor Logan said hers was the first study that she knew of that tried to measure the percentage of entrepreneurs who have dyslexia. Carl Schramm, president of the Kauffman Foundation, which financed the research, agreed. He said the findings were surprising but, he said, there was no previous baseline to measure it against.

Emerson Dickman , president of the International Dyslexia Association in Baltimore and a lawyer in Maywood, N.J., said the study’s findings “just make sense.”

“Individuals who have difficulty reading and writing tend to deploy other strengths,” Mr. Dickman, who has dyslexia, said. “They rely on mentors, and as a result, become very good at reading other people and delegating duties to them. They become adept at using visual strengths to solve problems.”

Mr. Orfalea, 60, who left Kinko’s — now FedEx Kinko’s — seven years ago, and who now dabbles in a hodgepodge of business undertakings, is almost proud of having dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

“I get bored easily, and that is a great motivator,” he said. “I think everybody should have dyslexia and A.D.D.”

He attributes his success to his difficulty with reading and writing because it forced him to master verbal communication.

“I didn’t have a lot of self-confidence as a kid,” he said. “And that is for the good. If you have a healthy dose of rejection in your life, you are going to have to figure out how to do it your way.”

He said his biggest advantage was his realization that because of his many inadequacies, he had to delegate important tasks to subordinates. “My motto is: Anybody else can do anything better than me,” he said.

Danny Kessler, 26, also has dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mr. Kessler founded Angels with Attitude, which holds seminars for women on self-defense. He is a co-founder of Club E Network (www.clubenetwork.com), which sponsors “networking events,” runs an online chat room for entrepreneurs and produces television shows about them.

Like Mr. Orfalea, he said he had low self-esteem as a child, and now views that as a catapult into the entrepreneurial world. “I told myself I would never be a lawyer or a doctor,” he said. “But I wanted to make a lot of money. And I knew business was the only way I was going to do it.”

In high school, Mr. Kessler said, “I became cool with the teachers. I developed a rapport with them. I was able to convince almost all of them to nudge my grade up just a bit. I adopted a strategy for squeezing through the system.”

As for the importance of entrusting tasks to others, Mr. Kessler says his limitations have endowed him with a “razor sharp” intuition that allows him to ascertain within minutes of meeting people whether he can depend on them and what they would be good at in an organization.

Drew Devitt, 45, who also has dyslexia, said he started Thoughtware Products in college to produce videos for real estate brokers. Today, he runs a successful $9 million company in Aston, Pa., called New Way Air Bearings that makes bearings for precision machine tools.

Asked about mentors, Mr. Devitt ticks off a list, and it is a long one, beginning with his parents, who sold imported bearing materials out of their home.

Indirectly, he confirmed that he gives free rein to his deputies. Asked about the claim on his company’s Web site that it is a “market leader,” he sighed. “That’s not something I would say,” he said. “Actually, it’s baloney. But that’s what our marketing people came up with. You can’t do everything. You have to let people do their job.”

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हाथ YOGA POSES

The Hatha yoga poses

Standing Deep Breathing
Half Moon Pose
Awkward Pose
Eagle Pose
Standing Head to Knee Pose
Standing Bow Pulling Pose
Balancing Stick Pose
Balancing Separate Leg Stretching Pose
Triangle Pose
Standing Separate Leg Head to Knee Pose
Tree Pose
Toe Stand Pose
Dead Body Pose
Wind Removing Pose
Sit-Up
Cobra Pose
Locust Pose
Full Locust Pose
Bow Pose
Fixed Firm Pose
Half Tortoise Pose
Camel Pose
Rabbit Pose
Head to Knee / Stretching Pose
Spine Twisting Pose
Blowing in Firm Pose

These are done in order, from left to right, as in reading:

Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is almost always caused by previous exposure to asbestos.[1] In this disease, malignant cells develop in the mesothelium, a protective lining that covers most of the body's internal organs. Its most common site is the pleura (outer lining of the lungs and chest cavity), but it may also occur in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) or the pericardium (a sac that surrounds the heart).

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or have been exposed to asbestos dust and fibre in other ways, such as by washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos, or by home renovation using asbestos cement products. Unlike lung cancer, there is no association between mesothelioma and smoking.

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 20 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath, cough, and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma.

Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and cachexia, abdominal swelling and pain due to ascites (a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions.

Mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause these signs and symptoms:

chest wall pain
pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung
shortness of breath
fatigue or anemia
wheezing, hoarseness, or cough
blood in the sputum (fluid) coughed up
In severe cases, the person may have many tumor masses. The individual may develop a pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung. The disease may metastasize, or spread, to other parts of the body.

Tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. Symptoms include:

abdominal pain
ascites, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen
a mass in the abdomen
problems with bowel function
weight loss
In severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present:

blood clots in the veins, which may cause thrombophlebitis
disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs
jaundice, or yellowing of the eyes and skin
low blood sugar level
pleural effusion
pulmonary emboli, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs
severe ascites
A mesothelioma does not usually spread to the bone, brain, or adrenal glands. Pleural tumors are usually found only on one side of the lungs.

Diagnosis
Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history. A history of exposure to asbestos may increase clinical suspicion for mesothelioma. A physical examination is performed, followed by chest X-ray and often lung function tests. The X-ray may reveal pleural thickening commonly seen after asbestos exposure and increases suspicion of mesothelioma. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI is usually performed. If a large amount of fluid is present, abnormal cells may be detected by cytology if this fluid is aspirated with a syringe. For pleural fluid this is done by a pleural tap or chest drain, in ascites with an paracentesis or ascitic drain and in a pericardial effusion with pericardiocentesis. While absence of malignant cells on cytology does not completely exclude mesothelioma, it makes it much more unlikely, especially if an alternative diagnosis can be made (e.g. tuberculosis, heart failure).

If cytology is positive or a plaque is regarded as suspicious, a biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. A doctor removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples.

If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a laparoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

Screening
There is no universally agreed protocol for screening people who have been exposed to asbestos. However some research indicates that the serum osteopontin level might be useful in screening asbestos-exposed people for mesothelioma. The level of soluble mesothelin-related protein is elevated in the serum of about 75% of patients at diagnosis and it has been suggested that it may be useful for screening.

Staging
Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.

Risk factors
Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure exists in almost all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos. In rare cases, mesothelioma has also been associated with irradiation, intrapleural thorium dioxide (Thorotrast), and inhalation of other fibrous silicates, such as erionite.

Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.

The combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the airways (lung cancer, bronchial carcinoma). The Kent brand of cigarettes used asbestos in its filters for the first few years of production in the 1950s and some cases of mesothelioma have resulted. Smoking modern cigarettes does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma.

Some studies suggest that simian virus 40 (SV40) may act as a cofactor in the development of mesothelioma.

नमस्ते Yoga (योंग)

This a posture for Surya Namaskar. Generally done in the morning as the sun rises which is the best time to perform any form of exercises and inhale fresh breathe of air. Controlled breathing should go along until the exercises are complete.

ALL ABOUT YOGA

Introduction:
In today’s speeding life ,people are forced to copy with their daily need for their existence. In the verge of fulfilling their requirement they tend to experience many forms of negative impact either physically or mentally. However physically impact can become over somehow but the mental impact so vast and deep which produces stress addiction anxiety depression, hypertension heart diseases etc. This further enhances different disorders too.
To find the remedy against all negative impact yoga is the most trusted and beneficial method. Therefore the term yoga should be thoroughly understood.
Yoga literally means to sum up that is connecting one self to truth eternal truth according to swami Vivekananda, yoga may be regarded as a means of compressing ones evolution into a single life or a few years or even a few months of body existence.
Yoga is very useful and effective method to overcome most of human mental disorders. Yoga therapy is very demanding, now a days, because due to this people can be treated is complete way by producing self realization, inner strength development, positive attitude. These improvements in people's life leads them to a new horizon of life where they understand the real meaning of their life and existence.
In yoga therapy one has to first discover itself being to the surface the profoundest reason of its being in that general truth and that unceasing aim of nature, which it represent and find by virtue of this new self knowledge and self appreciation its own recovered and larger synthesis.
Reorganizing it self, it will enter more easily and powerfully into the reorganized life of the race which its processes claim to lead within into the most secret penetralio and upward to the highest altitude of its own existence and personality.

What is yoga?
Yoga has already become a very popular amongst the masses all over the world however for this very reason, many quacks and charlatans are exploiting masses for their selfish goals and due to them, very queer notion regarded yoga have become prevalent among people. some consider yoga as a set of exercise for maintaining health, other consider it as some mysterious means of getting supernatural powers, whereas still other thinks it to be a means of getting a kick from sensory experience and entering into extra sensory perception. We can find a number of popular books on yoga in street bookstalls all over the world. The title such as "yoga for youth" ,"yoga and sex", yoga for beauty etc speak for themselves. Of course yoga has something to do with all these things but by isolating an aspect and laying undue stress on the same, misguiding picture of yoga has been presented in such books. More over, this books do not represent any sound study of the ancient text on yoga.
Actually the word yoga has been and is being used in so many different connections that one find oneself completely at sea as regards its exact meaning old lexicons have regarded good many meaning of this word. The well known 'Amar kosa' records five different meanings. The first is "Samhahana" that is protecting oneself with an armour,the second is 'upaya' or a means to an end, the third is "dhyana" or medition, the fourth is 'samgati'or harmony and the fifth and final is 'yukti'or union. The lexicon like medition have recorded six more meaning of the word. They are'Apuruarth samprapti' i.e. acquiring a new things,'vapuhsthairyaprayoga' i.e. a technique of keeping body young and steady,'viskambhadi' i.e. schemes and plots etc. 'Bhesaja' i.e. medicine, 'visrabdhaghataka' i.e. a treacherous person and 'karpana' i.e. miserliness of course, many of these meanings are not concerned with the yogasastra as such but for understanding the historical significance of the word, it is necessary to study its etymology and semantics.
The word Yoga is derived form the root Yuj-'yujyate anena lti yogah'. Panini's Dhatu Patha mention this root in three different conjugations giving three different meanings. In the fourth conjugation (Yujyate) the root signify samadhi ie absorption or tranquility, in the seven conjugation (Yunakti) it denotes yoga ie joining or yoking and in the tenth conjugation (yogayati) it means 'samayamana' i.e. judicious control of these the original root as the early uses indicates seems to be the one in the seventh conjugation. The different forms of this root and its derivatives represent a very old word of Aryan stock which can be traced in such word as the German ' Jock', Anglosaxon 'Geoc', 'Iuc', Latin ' Iugum' etc. Hence it can be said shat the tow other roots in the fourth and the tenth conjugations must have been coined when the word yoga got its special meaning of yoking body, speech and mind for achieving tranquility and thus controlling them judiciously. This semantic development can be seen in the historical development of yoga sastra thus yoga have very long and elaborate history a very systematic discussion of the yoga sastra has been presented in the famous aphorisms believed to have been composed by Patanjali near about the beginning of the Christian era. Patanjali has defined yoga as inhibition of the mental modification resulting into the realization of self through reintrigation of personality. For this purpose he has prescribed a number of method and discipline which help in reaching usually unfathomed depths of human mind. Thereby pirating the mind of its impurities and making it fit to reach the higher levels of experience. These techniques and the principles under lying the same can certainly be better understood in the light of depth psychology.
It hence that, an attempt is made here to furnish interpretation that makes Patanjalis ideas all the mode consistent rational and systematic. However yoga had a long history before Patanjali and several current of thought have been united in the aphorisms of Patanjali. Hence a Short account of this currents is being given in this first part to form a suitable background for our investigation.

Life and yoga

There are two necessities of nature working which seem always to intervene in the greater forms of human activity whether they belong to our ordinary field of movement or seek those exceptional spheres and fulfillment which appear to us high and divine. Every such form tends towards a harmonized complexity and totality which again breaks apart into various channel of special effort and tendency only to unite once more in the larger and more puissant. Synthesis secondly development onto forms each and imperative rule of effective manifestation, yet all truth and practice too strictly formulated becomes old and loses much, if not all, of its virtues it must be constantly renovated by fresh streams of all the spirit revivifying the dead or dying vehicles and changing it, if it is to acquire a new life. To be perpetually reborn is the conditions of a material immortality. We are in an age, full of the throes of travail, when all form of thought and activity that have ion themselves any strong power of utility or any secret virtue of persistence are being subjected to a supreme test and given there opportunity of rebirth. The world today presents the aspect of a huge cauldron of media in which all thing are being cost , shredded into pieces experimented on, combined and recombined either to perish and provide the scatter materials of new forms or to emerge rejuvenated and changed for a fresh term of existence. Indian Yoga , in its essence a special action or formulation of certain great power of nature, itself specialized divided and variously formulated is potentially on of these dynamic elements of the future life of humanity. The child of immemorial ages, preserved by its rituality and truth into our modern times, it is now emerging from the secret schools and ascetic retreats in which it had taken refuge and seeking its place in the future sum of living human power and utilities. But it has first to discover itself, bring to the surface profounder reason of its being in that general truth and that unceasing aim of Nature which is represents and find by virtue of this new self- knowledge and self appreciation its own recover and larger synthesis. Rear gaining itself, it will enter more easily and powerfully into the organized life of the rest which its processes claim to lead within into the most secret penetralia and upward to the highest altitude of its own existence and personality.
In the right view both of life and of Yoga all life in either consciously or sub consciously a Yoga. Foe we mean by this term a methodized effort forwards self perfection by the expression of the potentiality latent in the being and a union of a human individual with the universal and transcendent. Existence we see partially expressed in man and in the cosmos. But all life when we look behind its appearances, in a vast yoga of nature attempting to release her perfection in an ever increasing expression of her potentiality and to unite herself with her own divine reality. Yoga as Swami Vivekananda has said may be regarded as a means of compressing one's evolution into a single life or a few years or even a few month of body existence.


Yoga and Patanjali
The word yoga occurs in the Rigbeda in various sense, such as yoking or harnessing achieving the unachieved , connection and the like. An examination of the passage refer to in the foot notes shows that the sense of yoking was not so frequent as the other senses but it is nevertheless true that the world had been in use in this sense in such later Vedic work as the Satapatha Brahamana and the Brahada ranyaka upanishad.
The word yoga in the sense of yoki is used in many place in the Rigbeda and the Brahmans and this word with its derrivative yoga (carrier of the yoke, the animals) is quite familiar to us in the later Sanskrit literature they represent a very old word of Aryan stock which can be traced in such words as the German joch, Anglo-saxon geoc, iuc, ioc Latin. In the older upanishad such as the chandogya, Brahadaranyaka and Taittiriya, we got this word ion the sense of austerity and meditative abstraction productive of mighty achievements in the Taittivya Brahamana also we hear of such a tapas and the commentator assure us there that tapas does not means any such thing as asceticism, expiatory penances or the like, but devoted meditation upon the particular objects which would have to be created. Bramhacharya and tapas are also highly praised in the well known hymn of A.V. XI. 5.1 and also in the Taittriya Brahmana III. 10.11.3 where we are told that Bharadvaja had practiced religious austerities(brahmacarya) during three lives and decayed and emaciated his body, but was still willing to continue it.
In the light of the growth of these ideas of asceticism and self control it is easy to understand that when the force of the flying passion was felt to be as uncontrollable as that of a spirited steed, the word yoga which was originally applied to the control of steeds was applied to the control of the senses.
The fact that there is no verbal use of the root "Yuj" in the sense of concentration goes a great way to show that the root in 'Yuj samadhau" was only an imaginary analysis of a root-from which had no use as a verd and was only found in the noun and adjective forms of yuga, yugya, yoga and yogin. A consideration of the rule of panini's grammar 'tadasyd brahmacaryam' It shows that not only different kind of asceticism and rigor which passed under the name of Bramhacarya where prevalent in the country, but , associated with these, had grown up a definite system of mental discipline which passed by the name of yoga and whose adherents were called yogins. The earliest Sanskrit records where we hear of such regular adherents of Yoga practice or yogins are the maitragani upanishad and pannini's grammar.
Yoga and its scope
Yoga is for the divine. It is the conversion of the human soul into the divine soul and of natural life to divine living. Yoga is the wisdom of life. It is the intelligent and self conscious effort of man towards achieving universal existence. It is a means by which man transcends human limitations and becomes the cosmic man. It is possible to give up human modern desires through yoga.
The highest truth of life is a spiritual experience not an intellectual conception. Yoga as a method of training the mind and developing its power of subtle perception so that man may discover for himself spiritual truth on which religions believes an moral values finally rest. Yoga is the realization of the hidden powers.
Yoga is the art of life which is also a technique for achieving the purest form of self awareness devoid of all the thoughts and sensation. Yoga is expressed in various books like Maharsi Patanjali's book , Upanisad and in Geeta. Yoga arose in the age of Vedas and Upanishads. It had its beginning among a healthy powerful and independent community which had attend a high level of culture.
Yoga is the art of living. Our life is given to us to life not to suppress. We find a positive attitude towards life in the upanisads and the Geeta. The world is the manifestation of the divine. A true life is the life in which action and contemplation and land.
Yoga is no retreat from the world. It is not a repressive but a directive psychology. The limit to man's growth is his vision. There is no end to man's self expression. Yoga enables an individual to realize and unfold his reality. Through proper utilization of yoga, one can attend the highest knowledge to ease his walks of life. A true and meaningful life is the one which has come to terms with all rider of the personality and become integrated on the basis of spiritual to insight. This quality of life can be achieved though Yoga. Yoga may play very important roles in improving the moral and the spiritual qualities in human beings.

Yoga and depth psychology
C.G. Jurg himself had realised and admitted the significance of "yoga" for the development of modern psychology and psychotherapy. But he did not pursue the studies of Indian Yoga beyond certain english text on 'Tantrism' and thought that the context modern life. K.t. Behanan who studied yoga and conducted research under the guidance of well-known psychologist and neurologist in the states in his book " Yoga , a scientific evaluation" , he has also discussed the relation between ' yoga and psycho- analysis', a similar and more intensive study was carried out also in the state by Dr. S.L. Vinevar as well. He and swami Kuvalayananda have discussed psycho-somatic and psycho-pathological value of yoga in their treaties on logic therapy. The aim of the yoga is to make the mental personality pure so that it can be completed conscious the yoga view of psycho forces has no resemblance. What so ever with friends idea of psycho force and " Libido and Patanjali" is almost mute as regards the role of sex instincts in human life though of course some other school of Yoga have attached considerable importance to sex.

Ocean in a drop
Yoga meditation and life in the Himalayas Swami Chandresh publish- Nirala(Page 205). Literally the word yoga means to unite or to be one without the support of the totality, an individual existence of anybody whose ever or an unit existence of anything what ever is practically absurd.

Conclusion
Yoga has solution for all ailments and can relieve one from mental tension and emotional imbalance. Yoga can also sooth the agitated and excied mid and restore it to tranquility, calm and peace. Where as Asanas, Pranayamas and Kriyas are effective for curing ill health, the skeletal defects and derangements like lordlsis, kyphesis, pocking head , Hunch Back, piglon Chest, Knock Knees, Plat food etc. which are so common among students and in such cases school remedial, Orthopedic and Psycho-therapy treatments succeed only to a little extent, the Yamas, Niyamas, Pratahasras, Dharana and Dhyana are for assuaging and soothing the aggrieved and excited mind.
Everybody is very well aware about the potentialities of yoga for the healing of the body and mind unfortunately hardly a microscopic minority ever practices the simple method and technique and discipline of yoga for the restoration of health and for the peace of mind, drug, medicines and injections are the fashion of the days. Pills and potions have intruded not only to the wardrobes of man but also to the dressing table of women among whom headache, back ache , cold cough , and so on are more common then among men. Men who are robust and easily excitable suffer more from blood pressure, heart diseases for which the only recourse is guided yogic relaxation and Sat karmas , Asanas or with the help of Dharana and Dhayana like Psycho analysis , contemplation and meditation. Gout and Rheumatism may be cured by yoga Asanas which could stretch the joints and by a discipline in the intake of proteins and fats in everyday meals.
one may enjoy perfect physical health through Yogig Asanas and Pranayama where yoga ordains some physical and mental principles for remaining in the perpetual state of physical well being strict dietary habits must be observed. Over eating of stimulating diets and absence of physical activity may give rise to physical ailments , that is why in Yoga , Vedas and Gita the diets had been classified as Sattvik, Rajasik and Tamasik, Unlike modern classification like far proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin and minerals etc the non digestible diets in the absence of appropriate physical activity have caused more diseases than by accident etc. Therefore it is advisable to observe some of the fundamental principle in eating digesting assimilating of food and by eliminating the refuse stuff from the body by proper elimination, urination and perspiration. When these outlets of the body are choked up the stagnant materials causes toxins in the body. The Yogis had mastered the technique of digestion assimilation and elimination and relaxation. That is why they lived long in perfect physical health and peace of the mind.
For the diseases of the eye ear nose and throat perhaps Jalaneti and Sutarneti as well as Trataka are the best antedotes for the diseases of chest , lungs and the heart. Pranayamas of various types and Savasana relaxation are invaluable for the diseases of the stomach , liver , spleen and intestine, Kunjal kriya, Gakarni and Dhauti are of great value. In insomnia and norvous distortion of various types both Siva Asana as well as Dharana and Dhyan can render a great help if followed under proper guidance. Asanas in themselves are not mere a system of physical culture or gymnastics but each Asana pertains to stimulate certain internal organs like pituitary penial , thyroid and thymus, adrenal and other glands and also stimulate the blood and purify it. Hence the symptoms of diseases are not only relieved by yogic practices but the diseases is uprooted from the very base. Man suffers because of the stagnation of the blood and of imbalance of emotions. These afflictions of the body and the mind can be cured by the various yogic Asanas.
When the Prana, the life force is stimulated and activated the disease cannot last any longer. When and individuals has control over his Pranic force he can heal the diseases of the person whose Pranic force is at a lower ebb.



Object of the study
1.To study the role of yoga as a therapy in different negative impact in human life

2.To study the inter connection between yoga and modern other therapy.

Fortune 500

Fortune Magazine has listed 2007 Largest Corporations of USA. This year Walmart topped the list again. See who else made it. Global Companies' list are yet to be published.
Click here for Largest American Companies with Picture



Click here for Full List

The World's Billionaires

FORBES MAGAZINE which lists annually the richest people of the world has come up with this years list. Below is a brief description and a link which will take you to forbes' website and ranking.
Special Report
The World's Billionaires
Edited by Luisa Kroll and Allison Fass 03.08.07, 6:00 PM ET
It has been a busy year in the fortune-hunting business. Strong equity markets combined with rising real estate values and commodity prices pushed up fortunes from Mumbai to Madrid. Forbes pinned down 946 billionaires, including 178 newcomers and 17 people who climbed back into the ranks after being absent for a year or more. Two-thirds of last year's billionaires are richer. Only 17% are poorer, including 32 who fell below the billion-dollar mark. The billionaires' combined net worth climbed by $900 billion to $3.5 trillion. That equates to $3.6 billion a piece.

LIST OF 2007 Billionaires Worldwide.

Power how do we actually define?

Given below are people selected by askmen.com. What about Osama Bin Laden the man who masterminded the Sep 11 Attack? What about similar other terrorist and rulers ruling nations for decades like in African countries. Where do we put them? Time named Man of the century to Einstein for bring huge changes in the field of science specially physics. But, still is he or isn't he the man to invent the atomic bomb too? Why was he named so? Who else could have been?


From money point of view we can put Buffett, Walmart owners and CEO. They employ more than 1.4 million people, a population size of a small country.

Measuring power can be tricky, mainly because few people seem to agree on a definition for it. Does it mean the ability to control people? Incredible wealth? Both, perhaps? Is a man powerful if heads of state stay up at night worrying about him?
Listed below are 10 men whose positions make them exceptionally influential in the international arena today. These men have the money, the followers, and the political clout to make the decisions that matter. In other words, these are men whose slightest actions appear on national TV.


Number 10 John Paul II The Pope
As the leader of one billion Catholics and one of the world's most important landowners, the supreme pontiff exercises a lot of influence. The Vatican is in fact one of the largest investment firms in the world. In the United States, it has large interests with Morgan Bank, Chase Manhattan Bank, and First Bankers Trust Company, and it holds billions of shares in significant international corporations such as Gulf Oil, Shell, General Motors, General Electric, and IBM. While secretive about its numbers, it is estimated that this institution's wealth surpasses $500 million in the U.S. alone.
But even though the Pope's words are obeyed by many, the Vatican's credibility is in tatters, in the wake of the alleged pedophile scandals in the U.S. involving Catholic priests. And with the decline of religion, especially in the West, the Pope can do little more than preach the Christian message of love and understanding, and hope it gets through to the highest echelons of policymakers.
Quote: "As the family goes, so goes the nation and so goes the whole world in which we live."


Number 9 Bill Gates Chairman of Microsoft
The chief of the largest software maker on Earth has plenty of aces up his sleeve. Worth at least $30 billion himself, Gates is in charge of over 50,000 employees and controls Windows, the most popular operating system for computers. The MSN network of Internet services attracts over 230 million visitors per month, making it one of the most popular Web destinations. And its free Web-based e-mail service, Hotmail, presently boasts more than 58 million users.
With such incredible numbers, Microsoft controls not only the way many people access information, but also what kind . Gates has a worldwide reach, and his gifts of free computers for libraries and research only secure his high-tech foothold even more.
Quote: "There are people who don't like capitalism, and people who don't like PCs. But there's no one who likes the PC who doesn't like Microsoft."


Number 8 Li Ka-shing Chairman of Hutchinson Whampoa, Ltd.
With a $13 billion fortune (and counting), Li Ka-shing is Hong Kong's richest man and arguably the most powerful man in Asia. His multibillion-dollar conglomerate, Hutchinson Whampoa, is the world's largest port operator and employs over 150,000 people worldwide in telecommunications, hotels, infrastructure, and retail.
Li Ka-shing is in command of both sides of the Panama Canal, the vital waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. Also, some of his closest associates are members of the Chinese communist government. Understandably, he is a source of agitation for Western governments as his expansion is commonly seen as a front for Chinese Communist expansion. As an example of his global influence, he offered to buy the bankrupt U.S. telecom firm Global Crossing and make a fiber optic network connecting Singapore with hundreds of businesses in world. The American government deliberated on it for so long (precisely because of his international clout and high-powered Chinese connections), that he gave up.
Quote: "We have investments and operations in 41 countries, and the last time I counted, our group employs over 150,000 people internationally. I am sure more people in other countries will understand me now."

Number 7 Rupert Murdoch Chairman and CEO of News Corporation
At the same time the world's most respected and most loathed man, the News Corp captain owns the single largest media empire in the world. With a net worth ballooning to $5.3 billion, and over $40 billion in assets, his company is only growing. Hundreds of millions of people around the world read, hear, and see his version of the news, broadcast in most Australian papers, one-third of British newspapers, the BSkyB satellite TV network, the American FOX group of TV and movies, and STAR television in Asia, to name a few.
Murdoch has the power to sway popular opinion, as shown by the growing popularity of the unabashedly patriotic FOX News channel in the U.S. And when it comes to politics, it seems that it's all about the bottom line. He cleverly convinced communist China that he was no threat to their information control by throwing off the BBC from his STAR network, claiming it was anti-China. Jiang Zemin has publicly shown his admiration for the man.
Quote: "You can't build a strong corporation with a lot of committees and a board that has to be consulted every turn. You have to be able to make decisions on your own."

Number 6 Jiang Zemin Chinese leader
Jiang Zemin may have been replaced by Hu Jintao as president of the world's most populous nation, but it's him who still calls the shots. As chairman of the Communist Party of China's (CPC) Central Military Commission, he is the supreme commander of 2.5 million military units, and a nuclear superpower. Jiang Zemin also has the Politburo -- the Party's political bureau and the nexus of Chinese power -- packed with allies. And he receives more press coverage than Hu Jintao.
Jiang led the nation of 1.3 billion people through a period of dizzying modernization and remained America's most important trading partner for the last 13 years. With a GDP of 5.5 trillion (est. 2001), this booming economy is expected to double in 10 years. But keeping a cozy relationship with North Korea, another proclaimed nuclear power, creates waves of anxiety throughout the globe.
Quote: "The theory of relativity worked out by Mr. Einstein, which is in the domain of natural science, I believe can also be applied to the political field. Both democracy and human rights are relative concepts -- and not absolute and general."

Number 5 Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Abdulaziz Alsaud Prince of Saudi Arabia
Prince Alwaleed is right now the most important bridge between the Western and the Muslim worlds. The single largest Arab investor in U.S. corporations, Forbes magazine ranked him the sixth richest person in the world in 2001. With about $16 billion in holdings, his Kingdom Holding Company has major financial stakes in some of the world's best-known companies, including Citigroup, News Corp. and AOL Time Warner.
His current plan is to modernize his country with wireless communications and the Internet economy, bringing it up to speed with other modern nations. A major source of oil to the West, Saudi Arabia enjoys a comfortable, though often questioned, relationship with the U.S.
Quote: "The Arab world has to do more to get its message across to the American public, and we have not been doing a good job of this so far."

Number 4Vladimir Putin Russian President
The collapse of the Soviet Union left a lingering nostalgia for power in this country that has always aspired to greatness. The leadership of the world's largest nation, with 145 million inhabitants and a $1.2 trillion GDP (est. 2001), will struggle for many years to come to bring this fallen bear to its feet.
But Russia still holds much influence today. With petrochemical and infrastructure contracts abounding, including in Iraq, it is still a major force in Asia, and is set to lead a strategic partnership with its major powers, like China and India. But with a military force of 1.2 million, Putin is smart enough to play the double card of pleasing both Asia and the U.S. What else would you expect from a former KGB agent?
Quote: "Anyone who doesn't regret the passing of the Soviet Union has no heart. Anyone who wants it restored has no brains."

Number 3 Alan Greenspan Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve
The chairman of the Federal Reserve makes the decisions that keeps the American -- and by extension the world's -- economy healthy. By the power of his word, Greenspan manipulates the American interest rates, which can send the market darting upwards or crumbling to the ground. And like most men of influence, he always keeps the markets and the politicians guessing.
In his 16-year tenure as chairman of the Fed, Greenspan has helped maintain the American economy at a steady rate of growth while keeping inflation in check. With the American GDP at nearly $10.4 trillion (est. 2002), this is no painless task. And with globalization connecting economies, people from New York to New Delhi wait on his word before buying a house.
Quote: "In the absence of the gold standard, there is no way to protect savings from confiscation through inflation. There is no safe store of value."

Number 2 Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister of Italy
Italy's leader and richest citizen represents a new breed of media monopolist politicians. His influential Fininvest holding company dominates Italy's commercial television, and book and magazine publishing industries.
Himself worth $12 billion, he also controls the country's biggest film production company and this year's Champions League winners, AC Milan. But he doesn't just rule Italy's airwaves. His power is such that he is set to pass a bill that will indefinitely freeze the trial in which he is charged with bribing a judge to approve Fininvest's attempted takeover of food company SME.
A staunch U.S. supporter, Berlusconi became president of the European Union on July 1, 2003. He is the first man that George W. Bush calls when he needs international support.
Quote: "There is no one on the world stage who can compete with me."

Number 1 George W. Bush American President
It should come as no surprise that the leader of the world's sole superpower should receive the top spot on the list. George W. Bush leads the world's fourth largest nation, the most technologically powerful economy, and sits as supreme commander of the greatest military arsenal in history, with over 247,000 personnel posted overseas in more than 130 countries.
When the U.S. talks, the world listens. Responsible for 40% of the world's military spending, many countries rely on U.S. military might for protection, making it the most attractive ally to have.
And when the American economy shakes, everyone from Texas to Tokyo feels it. America leads and will continue to lead the world unchallenged for many years to come, hence its foothold of the top spot on any "power" list.
Quote: "We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation in every region now has a decision to make: Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists."